Excavation of artificial caverns inside asteroids by leveraging rotational self-energy

Future space ventures will likely require exploitation of near-Earth asteroid resources. Moreover, it can be envisaged that asteroids may host habitats in their interiors. In fact, a cavern inside an asteroid would be a natural radiation shield against cosmic radiation and may also serve as a confined environment for storage of mined material such as water ice or other processed volatiles such as propellants. To this end, this paper proposes to leverage the asteroid rotational self-energy to remove material from the asteroid interiors and create a spherical cavern, by means of the orbital siphon concept. The siphon is a chain of tether-connected payload masses (the asteroid material), which exploits the rotation of the asteroid for the delivery of mass from the asteroid to escape. Under certain conditions the siphon can be initiated to ensure self-sustained flow of mass from the asteroid to escape. A net orbital siphon effect is generated by connecting new payloads at the bottom of the chain while releasing the upper payloads. Key parameters are discussed, such as the required siphon dimension and the maximum size of the internal cavity that can be excavated, as a function of the asteroid rotational period. Moreover, assuming elastic material behaviour, a closed-form expression for the stress tensor is found and a failure criterion is used to identify regions in the asteroid interiors subjected to the larger stresses. It is shown that the conditions for failure are relaxed as the radius of the internal void increases.     

Orbital stability close to asteroid 624 Hektor using the polyhedral model

We investigate the orbital stability close to the unique L4-point Jupiter binary Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. The gravitational potential of 624 Hektor is calculated using the polyhedron model with observational data of 2038 faces and 1021 vertexes. Previous studies have presented three different density values for 624 Hektor. The equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor with different density values have been studied in detail. There are five equilibrium points in the gravitational potential of 624 Hektor no matter the density value. The positions, Jacobian, eigenvalues, topological cases, stability, as well as the Hessian matrix of the equilibrium points are investigated. For the three different density values the number, topological cases, and the stability of the equilibrium points with different density values are the same. However, the positions of the equilibrium points vary with the density value of the asteroid 624 Hektor. The outer equilibrium points move away from the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases, and the inner equilibrium point moves close to the asteroid’s mass center when the density increases. There exist unstable periodic orbits near the surface of 624 Hektor. We calculated an orbit near the primary’s equatorial plane of this binary Trojan asteroid; the results indicate that the orbit remains stable after 28.8375?d.     

卫星脉冲推力最优逃逸返回轨迹的非线性规划

重点研究了卫星通过轨道机动逃避碰撞、拦截并经一段时间后返回原轨道的逃逸方式。利用非线性规划理论建立了脉冲推力能量最省的逃逸轨迹规划模型，并考虑非球形摄动的影响对模型进行了修正。通过仿真验证了模型的正确性及求解的可行性，并分析了非球形摄动因素对逃逸过程的影响。     

流星体和碎片——航天器的微粒环境综述

介绍了流星体和碎片环境的特征和分布以及它们对航天器的影响和危害,并简单介绍了它们的探测方法和计算模式以及防护措施。     

实时微分控制的算法研究

实时微分控制是进行航天器轨道控制的主要方法。本文在费景高所提出的算法基础上 ,提出了一种有效的改进算法 ,扩大了算法的适用范围。文章对算法的稳定性进行了研究 ,并给出了此算法在弹道导弹显式制导中的应用实例。     

FY-1C/D极轨气象卫星及其在轨运行

简要说明了风云一号(FY-1)极轨气象卫星的总体情况。介绍了FY-1C星运行5年。D星运行2年后的测控、电源、热控、敖传、扫描辐射计和星载数据收集与分发(DCDS)分系统、有效载荷空间粒子成分监测器。以及姿控和星载计算机的在轨运行情况。在轨测试结果表明，两星的在轨运行、功能和性能符合任务书的要求。最后总结了长寿命高可靠稳定优质业务运行的FY-1C，D星的创新点、主要成绩，并给出了部分应用情况。     

远程导引可行飞行方案寻求算法研究

提出了一种寻求远程导引可行飞行方案的算法，能够满足远程导引对测控、日照、燃料和时间等各方面的要求；重点论述了Lambert一次变轨方案，给出了算法的具体步骤和主要模块的实现方法；最后给出了一个算例，说明算法是切实可行的。     

城市化发展的阶段性及其规律研究

文章提出了城市化发展一般经历初级、中级和高级三个阶段，并提出了城市化发展的一般规律；农业发展是城市化的初始动力，资本扩张是城市化的原动力，市场机制是加速城市化进程的基础性机制，大城市超前增长，城市经济要与农村经济协调发展，乡村人口进入城市门坎的高低直接影响着城市化的速度和水平。     

深空探测器定位在共线平动点附近的线性策略

深空探测器需要定位在日-地(月)系的共线平动点L1或L2附近执行探测任务,但由于共线平动点的不稳定性,必须在运行期间进行轨控。对于条件周期轨道(如晕轨道)必须在控制过程中考虑高次项,控制条件复杂,技术上实现相对困难。而某些探测任务,探测器定位在共线平动点附近的条件拟周期轨道(对应L issajous轨道)上亦可以。这种类型的轨道可以离共线平动点较近,那么只需要在控制过程中考虑线性项即可,控制条件简单。以圆型限制性三体问题作为基本模型,采用预估-校正法逼近线性化模型下的目标轨道,给出在轨运行期间的轨控策略亦是可取的,这种控制措施相对而言较简单,容易实现。仿真计算结果表明是可行的,能够提供较高的位置精度。     

关于大行星（或月球）轨道器的冻结轨道

关于人造地球卫星的冻结轨道问题早已为人们所熟知，而且已有相应的卫星在轨运行。在考虑该冻结轨道形成时，主要依据地球扁率J3项与J2项的相对关系，这是由地球非球形引力场的特征所决定的，原理十分清楚，但其原理和结论不能随意地用于其他大行星(或月球)的轨道器。在一般情况下，对于低轨卫星形成冻结轨道的条件，非球形引力位中的奇次带谐项(J21 1，l≥1)将起重要作用。不仅仅是一个J3项，例如月球轨道器，J3，J5，J7和J9均有不可忽视的影响，而且与轨道倾角有一定的关系。为此，本文根据轨道理论对冻结轨道的存在性及其有关问题作进一步的分析，给将来的深空探测提供轨道设计的有关信息和依据。